Quotation for criticism or review (Art. 5.3(d) InfoSoc)
This (optional) exception or limitation allows reproduction, communication to the public or making available to the public - by any user, of works or other subject matter (other than databases and software), by way of quotations for purposes such as criticism or review. The work used must be already lawfully made available to the public. The use must be in accordance with fair practice, and to the extent required by the specific purpose. The source and the author's name must be both indicated, unless impossible.
Quotation is not limited to text. According to the EU Court of Justice, one can quote photographs (Painer, Case C-145/10) and music (Pelham, Case C-476/17). A hyperlink to the entire work can be a quotation (Spiegel Online, Case C-516/17). The quoted work has to be already lawfully available to the public, the use of the quotation has to be in accordance with fair practice and limited to the extent required, and the intention of the user to enter into ‘dialogue’ with the quoted work.
This exception has been implemented in the following Member States:
- In Lithuania in Article 21' of the Law No VIII- 1185 on Copyright and Related Rights
- In Croatia in Article 202 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act
- In The Netherlands in Artikel 15a Auteurswet
- In Romania in Article 35, para 1, (b) of the Law No 8/1996 on copyright and related rights
- In Austria in Section 42f of the Federal Law on Copyright in Literary and Artistic Works and Related Rights
- In Slovakia in Section 37 of the Copyright Act
- In Belgium in Article XI.189, para 1 of the Code of Economic Law (CEL)
- In Spain in Article 32(1) of Law 23/2006
- In Germany in Section 51 of the Act on Copyright and Related Rights (UrhG)
- In Czech Republic in Section 31 of the Copyright Act
- In Finland in §22 of the Copyright Act
- In Sweden in Article 22 of the Act (1960:729) on copyright in literary and artistic works
- In Portugal in Article 75(2)(g) Código do Direito de Autor e dos Direitos Conexos
- In Hungary in Section 34(1) of the Copyright Act
- In Slovenia in Article 51 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act
- In Latvia in Section 20, para 1 and of the Copyright Act
- In Luxembourg in Article 10, 4° de la Loi du 18 avril 2001 sur les droits d’auteur, les droits voisins et les bases de données
- In Poland in Article 29 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act
- In Ireland in Sections 51(1) and 52(4) of the Copyright and Related Rights Act
- In Italy in Article 70 of the Law for the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights
- In Bulgaria in Article 24, para 1, p.2 of the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Law (Член 24, ал.1, т.2 от Закона за авторското право и сродните му права)
- In Greece in Article 19 of Law 2121/1993, Intellectual Property, Related Rights and Cultural Issues
- In France in Article L122-5, 3°, (a) of the Intellectual Property Code
- In Malta in Article 9(1)k of Chapter 415 of the Laws of Malta
- In Denmark in § 22 of the Copyright Act